ETF Investments: Understanding "The Dark Side" of Exchange Traded Funds

Until now, I've been a big fan of ETF investmentsPowerShares Dyn Building & Construction
(Exchange Traded Funds). After all, they offer(AMEX: PKB) or
choice, flexibility, low costs and tax efficiency,Rydex S&P Midcap 400 Pure Growth (AMEX:
among other benefits. And they're growing likeRFG)
wildfire...Some new ETFs, however, are extremely
Though small compared to the 8,000 mutualpopular. For example...
funds valued at $9 trillion, there are now 253The new iShares Silver Trust (AMEX: SLV) trades
ETFs with assets exceeding $315 billion, up 41%625,000 shares a day, priced at $116 a share.
from a year ago. Clearly, they have fulfilled anThe iShares COMEX Gold Trust (AMEX: IAU)
important need.trades 250,000 shares a day.iShares Dow Jones
Everybody on Wall Street is getting in on the act,U.S. Real Estate (AMEX: IYR) shares trade 2.3
too. The New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq,million times each day.
the AMEX and the COMEX; brokerage houses likeLiquidity also depends on popularity, and it's quite
Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs, and Lehman; thepossible that some hot ETFs will be difficult to
indexer Dow Jones; and the rating servicesunload years later.
Standard & Poor's and Morningstar. EvenForeign markets are hot right now, and so are
giant mutual fund companies Vanguard and Fidelitythe ETFs that specialize in them. You should have
see the advantages of ETFs and are offeringno problem selling your iShares MSCI Emerging
new ones.Markets Index (AMEX: EEM), which trades 7 million
Many of these exchanges and institutions areshares a day, or the iShares Japan Index (AMEX:
offering ETFs through iShares, PowerShares,EWJ), which trades 25 million shares a day. But
streetTRACKS and Rydex.volume on iShares MSCI South Africa (AMEX:
But there is a downside. As I see it, two dangersEZA) and iShares MSCI France (AMEX: EWQ)
threaten your ETF portfolio...reaches just 150,000 shares daily.
ETF Investments Danger Sign # 1: The LiquidityMy advice: Check the average daily volume of
Factor... You Can Buy, But Can You Sell?each of the Exchange Traded Funds. Don't invest
With so many new ETFs coming on market,in these ETFs unless you find that there is good
there's real concern that you may not be able toliquidity in both bull and bear markets.
sell.ETF Investments Danger Sign #2: Poor
Institutions are offering so many new ETFs that itDiversification
makes your head swim. At last count, MorningstarThe other threat to your wealth is an incomplete
listed 253 ETFs trading on exchanges, comparedETF index. That's not a problem with the
to 152 the year before. New specialized ETFs areS&P Depository Receipts, which mimic the
being created every week.S&P 500 Index; or the DIAMONDS Trust,
There's no liquidity problem with most of thewhich imitates the Dow 30. But Merrill Lynch's
older, bigger ETFs, such as the DIAMONDS TrustInternet HOLDRs (AMEX: HHH), which was
(AMEX: DIA), which trades, on average, 8.4 millioncreated in September 1999 - nearly the top of
shares a day, the S&P Depository Receiptsthe Internet bubble - is heavily weighted in only
(AMEX: SPY), with a daily volume reaching 87three stocks: Yahoo!, eBay and Amazon.
million; or the Nasdaq 100 Trust (Nasdaq: QQQQ),In fact, it does not even include Google (Nasdaq:
which trades 128 million shares on average.GOOG), which went public in 2004. If it had been
But what about the 1st Trust Dow Jones Internetincluded, HHH would have been a top performer.
Index (AMEX: FDN), iShares Dow Jones U.S.Instead, open-ended tech funds, such as the
Regional Banks (NYSE: IAT), the Rydex Small-CapJacob Internet Fund (JAMFX), have outperformed
600 Pure Growth (AMEX: RZG), orHHH in the past two years... by a wide margin.
streetTRACKS DJ Wilshire Large Cap (AMEX:Lesson: When investing in ETFs, check the
ELR)? All four had "zero" (0) trades the day Iholdings before you invest.
wrote this article!In short, don't sell your mutual funds anytime
Lots of other ETFs have serious liquiditysoon. Ultimately, they may have some
problems, too, trading fewer than 10,000 shares aadvantages over ETF investments, especially
day. Most of these are new, such as:iShares Dowwhen it comes time to sell or diversify.
Jones U.S. Home Construction (NYSE: ITB)