Investments in Mutual Funds - A Guide to the Most Favorable Investment Vehicle

article_content">Closed Ended Schemes: These funds have a
As you probably know, Mutual Funds in India isstipulated maturity period (ranging from 3 years
gaining ground & have become a extremelyto 10 years). The 'Unit Capital' of such schemes is
popular investment option. The fund industry hasfixed as it makes a one time sale of a fixed
witnessed healthy growth in last five years or so.number of units. After the offer closes, closed
For the individuals wanting to build their wealthended funds do no allow investors to buy or
over a long period, mutual funds can be the mostredeem units directly from funds. However, to
important ingredient to their investment plan.provide liquidity to investors, closed ended funds
It’s one of the most popular investmentare listed on stock exchanges. Some close-ended
avenue in today’s dynamic and fastschemes give you an additional option of selling
evolving markets.your units to the Mutual Fund through periodic
Mutual Fund is nothing but a common pool ofrepurchase at NAV related prices. SEBI
savings created by a number of investors &Regulations ensure that at least one of the two
is an ideal investment product for an individualexit routes are provided to the investor under
investor. Different investors with commonthe close ended schemes.
investment objective contribute to create aInterval Schemes: These combine the features of
common pool of money & this money isopen-ended and close-ended schemes. They may
then invested by fund manager according to thebe traded on the stock exchange or may be
objective of the scheme.open for sale or redemption during predetermined
Mutual Funds can help investors in virtually enteringintervals at NAV related prices.b) By Investment
the equity market with hands-off approach. ThereObjective:
is a wide range of Mutual Fund available in theGrowth Schemes: Aims to provide capital
market, each one having diverse specifications toappreciation over the medium to long term. These
meet your requirementsschemes normally invest a majority of their funds
There are numerous benefits of investing inin equities and are willing to bear short term
mutual funds and one of the key reasons for itsdecline in value for possible future appreciation.
phenomenal success in India is the range ofThese schemes are not for investors seeking
benefits they offer, which are unmatched byregular income or needing their money back in the
most other investment avenues.short term.
Benefits of Investing through Mutual Funds:Income Schemes: Aim to provide regular and
For an investor, mutual fund offer wide range ofsteady income to investors. These schemes
benefits. Some of the key benefits include:-generally invest in fixed income securities such as
1.Portfolio Diversification:- Mutual funds are abonds and corporate debentures. Capital
convenient and affordable way of gaining accessappreciation in such schemes may be limited.
to a wide range of investments that would beBalanced Schemes: Aim to provide both growth
very difficult and time-consuming to purchase andand income by periodically distributing a part of
manage individually. Because mutual funds typicallythe income and capital gains they earn. They
hold 50 to 100 different investments, they offerinvest in both shares and fixed income securities
a degree of diversification that would be difficultin the proportion indicated in their offer
to achieve on your own.documents. In a rising stock market, the NAV of
2.Professional management: Actively managedthese schemes may not normally keep pace or
mutual funds also give you the benefit offall equally when the market falls.
professional investment management. TheMoney Market / Liquid Schemes: Aim to provide
investments are selected by experiencedeasy liquidity, preservation of capital and
professionals who devote themselves exclusivelymoderate income. These schemes generally
to tracking the markets, analyzing investmentsinvest in safer, short term instruments such as
and implementing a consistent investmenttreasury bills, certificates of deposit, commercial
strategy.paper and interbank call money. Returns on these
3.Flexibility to meet your needs and goals: A wideschemes may fluctuate, depending upon the
range of mutual funds are available to help meetinterest rates prevailing in the market.c) Other
the needs of every type of investor, fromEquity related Schemes:
conservative to very aggressive. Mutual funds canTax Saving Schemes: These schemes offer tax
also help you meet a variety of investment goals,incentives to the investors under tax laws as
from establishing an emergency fund to savingprescribed from time to time and promote long
for a vacation, retirement or education.term investments in equities through Mutual Funds.
4.Convenient Administration: Investing in a MutualSector Funds: Equity funds that invest in a
Fund reduces paperwork and helps you avoidparticular sector/industry of the market are
many problems such as bad deliveries, delayedknown as Sector Funds. The exposure of these
payments and unnecessary follow up withfunds is limited to a particular sector (say
brokers and companies. Mutual Funds save yourInformation Technology, Auto, Banking,
time and make investing easy and convenient.Pharmaceuticals or Fast Moving Consumer Goods)
5.Return Potential: Over a medium to longterm,which is why they are more risky than equity
Mutual Funds have the potential to provide afunds that invest in multiple sectors.
higher return as they invest in a diversified basketIndex Funds: These funds have the objective to
of selected securities.match the performance of a specific stock
6.Low Costs: Mutual Funds are a relatively lessmarket index. The portfolio of these funds
expensive way to invest compared to directlycomprises of the same companies that form the
investing in the capital markets because theindex and is constituted in the same proportion as
benefits of scale in brokerage, custodial and otherthe index. Equity index funds that follow broad
fees translate into lower costs for investors.indices (like S&P CNX Nifty, Sensex) are less
7.Liquidity: In open-ended schemes, you can getrisky than equity index funds that follow narrow
your money back promptly at Asset Value (NAV)sectoral indices (like BSEBANKEX or CNX Bank
related prices from the Mutual Fund itself. WithIndex etc). Narrow indices are less diversified and
close-ended schemes, you can sell your units on atherefore, are more risky.
stock exchange at the prevailing market price orFund of Funds: Mutual funds that do not invest in
avail of the facility of repurchase through Mutualfinancial or physical assets, but do invest in other
Funds at NAV related prices which somemutual fund schemes offered by different AMCs,
close-ended and interval schemes offer youare known as Fund of Funds. Fund of Funds
periodically.maintain a portfolio comprising of units of other
8.Transparency: You get regular information onmutual fund schemes, just like conventional mutual
the value of your investment in addition tofunds maintain a portfolio comprising of equity
disclosure on the specific investments made bydebt/money market instruments or non financial
your scheme, the proportion invested in eachassets.
class of assets and the fund manager’sHow safe is investing in Mutual Funds?
investment strategy and outlook.In India mutual funds function as trusts. The
9.Flexibility: Through features such as Systematicsponsor of the fund appoints Board of Trustees
Investment Plans (SIP), Systematic Withdrawalwho act as guardians of investor's money. The
Plans (SWP) and dividend reinvestment plans, youboard or Trustee Company, as an independent
can systematically invest or withdraw fundsbody acts as the protector of the unit holder's
according to your needs and convenience.money. These trustees ensure that investor's
10.Choice of Schemes: Mutual Funds offer ainterest is safeguarded and that the AMC's
variety of schemes to suit your varying needsoperations and Fund Manager's actions are along
over a lifetime.the professional lines. To ensure independence of
11.Well Regulated: All Mutual Funds are registeredBoard of Trustees, SEBI mandates a minimum of
with SEBI and they function within the provisionstwo-third independent directors on the board of
of strict regulations designed to protect theTrustee Company.
interests of investors. The operations of MutualApart from Trustees, the entire mutual fund
Funds are regularly monitored by SEBI.industry functions under the preview of SEBI. This
Types of Mutual Fund Schemes:-structure and stringent guidance make investing in
There are a wide variety of Mutual Fund schemesmutual funds safe and easy. Fund Managers also
that cater to your needs, whatever your age,have to function within the broad framework and
financial position, risk tolerance and returnrules & regulations designed by AMC.
expectations.a) By Structure:Mutual funds are considered as favorable
Open Ended Schemes: These do not have a fixedinvestment vehicle for individual investors
maturity. The key feature is liquidity. You canparticularly for investors who have limited
conveniently buy and sell your units at Net Assetresources available in terms of capital and ability
Value(NAV) related prices, at any point of time.to carry out their investment decisions.