When NOT to Use Index Funds

Summary: There are still some mutual funds thatan outperformer that disregards style boxes.
outperform, and you can grow wealthier by usingHow can you profit by this? Look for these
them instead of index funds. You just need tocharacteristics:
know what to look for.DO NOT USE massive, bloated funds. If a
You have heard here in the past, and from mostmanager outperforms frequently, and their fund
of my counterparts, that index funds and ETFsincreases in size from a few hundred million to
are the way to go, and to do otherwise is a fool's10+ billion dollars, the fund is much less likely to
errand. Index funds have lower costs, and willoutperform (i.e. Fidelity Contrafund). The smaller
beat the majority of mutual funds over time.the fund, the better.
There are myriad reasons why most mutualLook for funds that are not "closet indexers." If it
funds underperform. The fact is, mutual fundperforms like the benchmark index every year,
companies are primarily asset gatherers. They dodisregard.
not benefit from outperformance, unless it gainsFind funds with a history of outperformance. The
them assets. They only get revenues frombest managers, regardless of style, outperform
assets under management, not their performance.over longer timeframes.
Investors being the herding animals that they are,Select managers that are not concerned with
if a fund outperforms most years and then has afitting a particular style box and invest based on a
bad year, money will pour out of the fund like atheme, such as future inflation.
leaky bucket. The CEO, being a good businessmanDo you want an example? Hussman Strategic
(or woman), will recognize that the mostGrowth picks quality stocks that the manager
profitable way is to try and immunize the fund(Hussman) believes will outperform. Then he
from underperformance. The solution is to makehedges the portfolio (incrementally removing the
sure that your fund keeps up with yourstock market risk) based on his views of how
competitors. For example, if the rival funds arecheap or expensive the stock market is at the
piling into energy stocks, you had better have themoment. If stocks are cheap (based on historical
same exposure, or risk being left out. In the end,average valuation) and the market has positive
funds mimic each other so that they don't riskmomentum, there will be little or no hedges on
losing clients.the portfolio. If stocks are expensive and the
Also, financial advisors are more concerned withrecent market action is poor, the portfolio will be
keeping their clients in the correct Morningstarfully hedged.
style box for diversification than in creating theAnother example is CGM Focus by Ken Heebner
highest possible terminal wealth. That is why the(underperformed in this bear market, but overall a
best managers that go anywhere for returns aregood fund) that doesn't correlate highly to the
penalized by Advisor Joe, CFP who is onlystock market.
concerned with whether a fund can be labelledJust remember, if you want a solid portfolio
large value or large growth. Advisor Joe wouldwithout much effort, just use indexes and forget
much rather put you in a bloated,about it. But if are willing to put forth the effort,
underperforming fund with a static mandate thanthere are opportunities in mutual funds.