| For a majority of people, mutual funds should be | | | | year—See Unit 9.) Third, owning |
| a major part of their investment portfolio--unless | | | | individual stocks means you are less likely to have |
| they have a lot of money and ample time to | | | | proper diversification. To diversify a stock |
| devote to investing in individual securities. While | | | | portfolio, you need to own at least 10 to 20 |
| there are arguments for buying stocks and bonds | | | | different companies in different industries, which |
| directly, consider buying mutual funds first, or at | | | | could cost thousands of dollars. For the same |
| least use them as a core holding, because of the | | | | price you might pay for 100 shares of one |
| following drawbacks to individual stock and bond | | | | security, you can buy shares in a fund that owns |
| picking and trading: First, a great deal of time and | | | | 100 securities. Diversification lowers your |
| expertise is required to analyze a | | | | investment risk—if one or two stocks |
| company—its prospects for earnings | | | | plunge, others may gain in value, offsetting the |
| growth, its performance over the short and long | | | | loss. |
| term in comparsion to its competitors, its debt | | | | Nevertheless, there are several circumstances |
| level and creditworthiness, its new products in the | | | | when you do not need mutual funds: If you are |
| pipeline, and technological changes looming that | | | | adept at picking individual stocks If you have at |
| might harm or improve business. | | | | least $20,000-50,000 to buy at least 10 to 20 |
| Second, purchasing individual securities involves | | | | stocks (depending on stock prices) You plan to |
| higher transaction costs. Even when you use a | | | | invest in Treasury bills or notes. |
| discount broker, the commissions you pay to buy | | | | In the last case, you would do better purchasing |
| and sell are not cheap. (However, the cost of | | | | them directly through the Federal Reserve's |
| online trading is getting lower every | | | | Treasury Direct program. |