Why Your Mutual Fund Doesn't Return as Much as You Think

(ARA) - As tax time nears, many mutual fundmore money you have invested, the higher your
investors are starting to wince. While most mutualfee.
funds' returns were down last year, their tax billUndisclosed transaction costs. This is the fee that
remains high.a mutual fund pays to its broker to buy and sell
After years under-performing the S&P 500, thestocks. The fee is not found in a fund's
average US stock mutual fund finally beat theprospectus and is deducted from the fund's
index last year. But while the average fund wasreturns. The higher the fund's portfolio turnover
down just 0.37% v. the S&P 500's 9.1% drop,rate, the higher its transaction costs.
investors in the average fund actually lost aroundNo control. You have no say over what stocks
3% when you add in the fees and capital gainsthe fund owns. Some stocks may be ideal for
taxes they must pay, says Jamesyou while others are not.
O'Shaughnessy, CEO of and author of theLittle knowledge. Because you don't know what
bestseller What Works on Wall Street.specific assets a mutual fund owns on a daily
"Mutual fund performance figures often leave outbasis, you could wind up owning the same stocks
the taxes and some fees you are required to payin several different funds. Or the types of stocks
as an investor," says O'Shaughnessy, a formerthe fund buys now may differ from the ones it
mutual fund manager and architect of a newset out to buy when you originally invested.
investment service that eliminates the bigSignificant tax hits. In addition to the capital gains
drawbacks of mutual funds. "The little guy is lefttaxes you pay when your fund manager actively
thinking he didn't do too badly when in fact hetrades stocks, you also face "embedded capital
didn't do nearly as well as he thought."gains." These can occur when a fund you recently
Even the Securities and Exchange Commission isbought sells a stock it has held for many years.
fed up. Just weeks ago, the SEC set new rulesYour tax hit on that trade will be equal to
requiring mutual funds to disclose what theysomeone who has the same amount invested but
haven't disclosed for years -- the impact ofowned the fund for many years and profited
income taxes on a fund's performance.from that stock's long run-up in price.
In the 1990s, investors all but overlooked theirWhat's the average mutual fund investor to do?
tax hit and the hidden costs in mutual fundAlternatives are emerging that provide individuals
investing. Strong and steady bull market fundwith more control over their investments and
returns made taxes a non-issue. But now, astaxes. The Web-based services in this new
investors gear up to pay taxes in April, many are"personal fund" sector offer stock portfolios that
discovering the inequity of paying high taxes onare tailored to an individual investor's personal
funds that declined in value.financial goals.
How do taxes eat into fund returns? Let's sayInstead of buying mutual fund shares, investors in
you invested $1,000 in the average mutual fund inpersonal funds buy an entire portfolio of stocks
January 2000. You would think that because thefor a relatively low minimum investment. By
fund declined 0.37%, it left you with about $996 inowning the stocks in a personal fund, you control
December. Not too bad, you say, it could haveyour capital gains taxes by choosing when to buy
been worse.and sell stocks. You also know at all times the
But not so fast. Throughout the year, thestocks you own.
manager of the average mutual fund commonlyThe low cost of ownership and individual control
sells 92% of his fund's stocks in an attempt toof tax responsibilities offer individuals significant
boost returns. Who pays the capital gains taxesadvantages over mutual funds and other popular
on his giddy trading activity? You do. In fact, you'llinvestment vehicles. As such, Forrester Research,
have to pay a higher, short-term tax rate on thean e-commerce research firm in Cambridge,
gains from assets the manger held for less than aMass., predicted that more than $1 trillion will be
year.invested in personalized funds rather than mutual
That means you'll have to use your income taxfunds over the next 10 years.
bracket to calculate your bill rather than the lower"The days when mutual fund investors have to
20% rate charged on long-term gains. Your taxeat what they are served are over," says
rate on these gains could be as high as 50% afterO'Shaughnessy of "Personal funds make it possible
you add up the your federal, state and local taxfor every individual investor to own a
rates.professionally selected stock portfolio that is
But taxes are only half the story. The typicalreasonably priced and designed for their needs
mutual fund also charges annual fees, an expenseand goals."
ratio it uses to pay the fund manager, and******
transaction costs it uses to pay the fund'sis one of several new services offering individual
brokerage expenses.investors personalized fund portfolios and --
Now let's revisit that $1,000 you invested in thesurprise -- the first headed by a former mutual
average mutual fund last January. By December,fund manager.
you would have paid about $18 in fees and aboutTo begin investing at Netfolio, you pay $200 a
$12 in capital gains taxes. So you lost about $30year or $20 a month to subscribe to its service.
on your $1,000 investment, not $3.70. That'sThen you open a Bear Stearns account online at
about a 3% decline rather than the 0.37% dropthe Netfolio site at no additional cost.
reported recently by fund-tracking firm Lipper Inc.To invest, you ask Netfolio to recommend
The 0.37% decline is the gross return of thepersonal funds that suit your investment
average US stock fund and does not includeobjectives. Or you can pick them on your own
taxes or fees.from Netfolio's list. Each personal fund comes with
"Mutual fund investors should be offended by thea recommended stock portfolio that you can
amount of taxes and fees they have to pay,"customize prior to investment.
says O'Shaughnessy. "Mutual funds may seem likeYou can buy an entire portfolio of stocks in a
no-brainer investments but they can compromisepersonal fund with a minimum investment of just
your long-term savings potential. All the money$5,000. And there are no commissions when you
you spend on fees and short-term capital gainsinvest in Netfolio's personal funds online through
taxes could have remained invested andBear Stearns.
compounding.""This type of personalized investment advice used
O'Shaughnessy has identified five big mutual fundto be available only to the superwealthy,"
drawbacks:O'Shaughnessy says. "Now, thanks to the
High expense ratios. Investors pay a fee for theInternet, individual investors everywhere can
privilege of owning shares. That fee goes to theaccess the same type of service through their
fund's manager. But instead of a flat amount, thecomputer.
fee is based on your assets in the fund. The